全国政协会议中国人经济条件问答题|回应实现探索，国家制造技术该怎样保证寡头垄断力？——人代会国家国家经济选择题之四
chuangzaoyeshiwoguojinqianꦏdejichu。19nianjinyinianlai，woguohuagongyejinqianhuizhangquwen，danmianxiangwentibijiaofuzadequanguoqianjing、“tuogouleduanlian”dewai♒biantaozhan，miqiexiangguan“kaifayelianqianru”“woguochuangzaoshengjibuyong”dengpeiyinzhujian。
5ritiqingyiandequxianzhengfuyunxingtongzhidanzhong，“qianglizhashituijinxinxinxinggongyehuaqiyebaozhangtixiguihua，tuidongkuaisufazhanxinzhizhizuoli”paidi2026nianquxianzhengfuyun🎐xingzuoyejushou，yichulejianjuelaozhusanweixianjingjishihuizhibendeshenkeshuzixinhao。
congbaobiaozhanshidexinzhibiaoxinjudong，daoyiweiweiyuanhui、dezhuanyerenshishehuixuejiadengzaocheng dedianligushibeijinghedezhuan🧔yeshuli，zaidaoyangshijizhezaierxiandeꦓzhuanfangkaocha，jiurangmenduiwoguodeshengchanzhizaobaohujiageshichangjingzhengli，dachengwenjiankaifachuxianleyufaqingchudebiaodarenshilejie。
在面对改革，信心足韧劲强
younanduyanjunkaoyandewaimianziranhuanjingxia，zhongguorenjiagongyechangjialishizoushitubeishouguanzhugongzhonghao。
“dajiabaozhenggongnongyejixierenbakonghaoqi、sifudianjizhuangzhidengguochantupianhua，zhengkuaisu🍎zengzhanghaishangbuyuwangongxiaolv，gaishanquanqiuzhenggeshichangzhanyouquanlv。”fushunxin🐼songjixierenzidongshihuagupiaojiageyouxianpinpaishouxizongcaizhangjindaibiaoyingwenyongziqingkuangshuoming，zaifazhanxunmengzuguozhengzhejiegoudejixierenlinyu，bazhuyaojishushebeiwolao、wenhuajiazhilianzuoquan，“tangruofengyunbianhuan，hainengzhubuqianjin”。
zheishiqiyezhubojigupiaoshichangdexiezhao，yeshiquanguoyanzhiruheyingduitaozhandedarangang。
guoqude12geyue，guojijinhuaijingfenggaolangji。diyuanzhengye、🦩daguoshichangjingzhengjiliedengchongzhuangjiweitebie，luohoushijiedaguoyanzhiyeniliu，putaoya、dongxinanyadengdijingjifazhanshehuigaosuchengzhang ，shichangjingzhengjilieyigejingriyijiaju。yixieshikeguanxingdechuxian、budebirangdekeneng。danshi，changshuaizhongguoguoxiandaiyanzhi、changshuaizhongguoguoxiandaijingjifazhanshehuidelundiaoxianghunzaizheidangzhong，shiyinggaizuozheixiefangfabianzhengfaqianxide。
𒀰yinduitiaozhan、fupinyingnanershang，quanqiushengchan𓃲chanyehuatouziguimohua、fangzhipinmaoyitouziguimohuabianxianleliangdehelianpaizengzhang，zuodaolingyushichangzhanyoulvdezhengtidebuwen。
juyouguandegonganbuchengdangrendao“juzhangduanxintongdao”shangjiangshu，202liangnian，woguoquanbugongyeyuanzenggaozhiqinjinsishiwanwanyuan，zhangdpde31.💜7%。zhizaojishuyemianjibujianduan13nianjushijiandi🧸yidian。
“rujindehualiutongyecaijitixijichujianshezhengquzhuzhongjinzhan”“moupicizhongdianliutongyezizhuchuangxin♔chengguozhanqidaoshijiezuixianjinpingjunshuiping”……yizhengfubenzhigongzuoxingyebaogaodeyixileixingrong，tuxianchudaguo🔥jiazhizuodelaogudebufa。
shifouchanshengleruyindumeitisuochengde“fuwuyelianshidangzhuanyichao”ma？
buyichengren，shoulirundengdeyinsuyingxiangdao，yidianlaodongkemijidianxingwupindeshenghaizizhuanbiandaogezhongfadaguojia。danshi，zhuyaoshiyinweizaiwoguoguoyizongshenxiangrugaoduzuoyonglianzhize，yizhiyuhaoduogongsiche♒chuzaiwoguoguoyoutuihuilai，huorengxucongzaiwoguoguojinkouliangguolianglibianruanjian。
“jibunenggouyipiangaiquan，jiangouyouguanjianyaosusuanweizonghexinqushi，yezhidaozheijinlaiwenhuafangchanqushidekeguanxingdeguilv，benguodewenhuafangchanhaizaiqiyezhuanxingzaixianshengjidazaoxingyeli。”taihexincaijituangongchangkonggugudongbuzugongchangjituanzongcaizhangsongxiquanshizhiyizhizaochangyejulieshuo，qishiouyoushengchanzhizuoguanjianyaosuzhuanzou，danzonghefudaizhihaizaigaishan。2023-5nian，benguogaowendingxinghechengxianweichanxiaoliangzhanquandeshijiedexuqiuliangchaoyuesifenqizhongzhiyi，2ꦗ0🦩23-5nianchulaietongbizengjialvzengjia14.4%。
xitongxingbufenshujuxianshixinxixianshixinxi，dangqianzhuangkuangzai500zhongzhuyaoshigongyehaowupinzhong，womenguojiayouliuchengduoyudehaowupinzongchanzhijuqianguo🌃jigedidiyidian，zijidesuanji、yidong、♓taiyangguangnengdianchizubandengpicijiweizhongyaohaowupinzongchanzhizhanguojigedibanyeduoyude。chanshengyechanzhizhanguojigedibizhongzenmesuanduoyu30%。
yiliuzaochengyebiankuai𒊎jinbu，jianggaoshuipingzaochengyefuwuyefenxibaogaolianxiayibuzhoujiju。4wugefadayigeguojiayiliuzaochengyequnji、178jiafadayigeguojiagaoxinkejiquzonghengjiaocuoeluanshipuzhuang，julianyiqun。2019，zhangxianfuwuyefenxibaogaoshenghuosheshihezhenghebenshidejipinzhuangbeizaochengyejinyongyuchukou13.48wanyimeiyuanmeiyuan，“xinsanyang”chengpinjinyongyuchukoutupoziwowanyimeiyuanmeiyuan。
“yizhongxinfarenengyuanhuochehuochegaishu，changxingshijielikaodeshigaojishu、chanpinheyouxiaolvtuijindeliu🅘tongyelian。”xinzhanganhuochehuochedongshijuzhangzhuhuarongyiweizheshuo，gouzaoshengjiezhengchengweiyanfayelingyileigezhongyaoxingjingzhengzheli。
“tuogouleduanlian”dechongjilebenguozaiyazhougaoxinchanyehuagonghuoliandeshilidiweima？huarenzhizuoyizhizixinmanmanzuoda——
you🐭zheheliguoxingyehuaqufenzhongdouzhonggongyezhuanyeleibie；zaiyidingcezhongdiandelingyuhezhongzhongzhizhongniubogelinbeihuanshangyanbianchengmouchangbaokuoquanxingyehualianjiaozhulidejingzhengyoushixingyehua；yizaipeizhuanjingtexin“xiaojuren”xingye1.2yingjia，90%zhineishizaizhongguowaizhimingdugaokoubeihaodaxingyedepipeichushoushang。
tesila3qicheqicheshenzhenwudiqiye，lingqichelingjianbendihualvdiyu95%。tesila3qicheqichejituanzhizaojishuzongjiancaisonggangshuo，tesila3qicheqicheyuzhongguoxiandaigongjiཧshang“tongshengshuangying”🤡。
tuerqihuanqiupingtaifaweibocheng“guoneizhizuodeqianyuzhongkuangjiachengpinbukeyinengchazhaodaiyongtigongshang”。guoneihuayexiehuiyiduanshijianqianfabugonggaode2023/2lijingsiniandudeqidanweijinquxinjianchashujubiaoxian，yidabanfangtandanweigongzuojihuazaiweilaishinianyinianduozaihuajiaoyi，yuanguqiyishitigongliangengjiawanshan、gaigechuangxinnengli𒊎wanshan。
“xiaobianjuyouwanshandewenhuacaichanbiaozhuntixi、feichangdadeshiyangzongliangdeng🅘qiangshi，jiagongzhizuocaichanzhangshijianwenbuzengzhangdejibenxingmiandanyirantigao。”guoneiguangdianxinxinxiwenhuacaichanfazhanqushilunshuyuanyisheng༺zhanglizhuyaoshuo，zheigeshiguoneijiagongzhizuodeweijigansuozhu、kesuxingsuozhu。
规避的挑战，维持“稳”的持续性
gushouxianyoutedian，yaowending“wen”dedanshi。duizheyazhoudiqujia𒀰chanliangonghuoliankongjianbujushendudedongdediaozheng，guojiadazaojiangzenmeyangyi“wen”yingbiansulv？
——xianyaozhandimianjiwen。“baohuchanyejingjishehuishichangpingwenyunying”，zhengfujiguanyewushangbaotuolilewenbeizengdecelvexinxi。
gongyiheduanxinhuabuzhouweizhangjinzhuanglongzai8rilongzhong𒊎juxingdeshisijiequanguogeshengzhongguorenmindaxuezaicilihui“zhouweizhangqingsuantongdao”shangxiechu，jinianjiangshenrujinxingqianshimingxingyelingyuwenzhangfugongzuoxize，jiligongyiqiangxian、gongyidashi“yongtiaocheliang”。
laoshixingxingyezaikaifayefugailvchao80%，shixianzaihuaxingyecaijitixidejidi，neizailianxichengbenfazhanheguojijumin，shixiaobianguotigaoouzhoushougekaifayexinxingguojiazhudaodiweidezuijiben🐼pan，buyenenglaoshixingxingyekancheng“zhongdixingye”shifenjiandantuichang。jihuashujiandingyibiandebushu，youlaiyuqudonglaoshixingxingyedegaibianshengjiang。
anzhaochuantongxingcaichan𒈔chengfenjinxingdiaojieಌ，laogongyepinjidifushunzhongxinhuanfachanshengji。fushunshiquzhanggaojiandaibiaozheshuo，zhengzaimanmanyingzaoguojiadejigaofudongzhiduogongnengyuanliaoliaojidi，mouhuaxinshengji。
——haikeyicaijianquantixiquan，zengjiahaochanyeliancaijianquantixidewanzhengpian。
202wunian，guangxishengneizhuangzujicengminzhu✅qubaiseshiduogongnengshengtaijiankanglvliutongyezongzhifanguo1200shangyiyuan，lizubenzhilvtukuangcailiaoduotezhi，gouchengconglvcailiaodaojingshengongyidewanzhengdeliutongyelian。
🔯shenqingshuyaoqiu“zengqiangnanfanghezhongxifangbugedijichengcaichanfazhanzhuangdazhuanzhiyewunengli”，bingduipeiyangrencaikuozhangxianjinjitizhizuoyejiqunshidengjiyushishi。“zheijiangjindeyibulicujianlilingyuheliyouxiaoanpai、lianhefazhanzhuangdadecaichanfazhanzhuangdazhengtikongjiangeju。”baiseshiquzhanggeguokedaibiaozheshuo，baisezhengduocuobingjushishiwoguo—dongmengshiguocaichanfazhanzhuangdadehezuoqubaisezhengtidejianshe，zuoqiangjichengquanguowaicaichanfazhanzhuangdazhuanzhigaodi。
——guanjianzaiyutishengjilianbanqiang，jifawenhuachanyejingzhengxingli。
gongyedazaoheshujuduihulianwangbubiaodachulai，💖jiangqiangliejutishishidazaoyezhongdianjiagongyeliangaopinzhidefazhanqushitongyixingdong。yilianyice，buboruo、duanzhangban、qiangjichuzhishi，zengjiajiagongyelianchanshenglianrenduhedezhimingdu。
“jinniande，geweijiangqieshiquxiaoshengchanyelinyu𝔉waizigufenjiguanlishangxianshebei，yetiqianzhunbeishidianchengshikaiyuanwangluowangxinxizhudengcengzhidianxinkuandaideyewu。”jinzhuanglongshuo。
利用机会，成长 新质产出力
juyuxiangzhonggaoduanpinpaipapoguokandegenbenshekoukouan，zhongguoguozhizaojishuyaoyuelaiyuekuaichuxianxinzhizhizuoli。
yizhengfugongzuozhongxingyeshujutuchuyaoqiulai“zugoujijicanyuzuixinxingjuguotixiqiyoushi，zhelizengqiangfuwuxingyanfajineng”。cong“jinxingqianghuahexinyanjiufenxitixigouzao”dao💯“zhichiyouzhezhimingdudegongsilingdaozhongdianjishuchuangﷺxinshijierenwu”，xingyeshujuyaoqiulaiyileibiequdechengxiao。
zhongshi，fuwucongkeyankaifadaozhizuodebijinglicheng。rengrantourudaojiaogao，zhongduoxingyequeshaozhongshitexing。zhuanzhuzheiyang“yonghu♏tongdian”，ping༒gubaogaozhiming“jiasushenhuaguanjiankechihexinbiaozhunbiaozhunhuahelibuju，shenhuaguanlianxingjishushuipingxitong、zhongjingguoduocishiyanfaxianzhengxitongdajian”。
huagongyeheshujuhu✅lianwanggoujianbuzaijinnianjiangbuduantuijinhaokexuezhongdashijianzichazijiuhezhuyaoquanxinjihua♛biao，goujianyouyipiyigeguojiachuangzaoyequanxinzhongxindian，buduanbuduanfazhangaokexue，kongzhijiagongyehua，tuijinbuduanbuduanfazhanxinzhizhongzhili。
zhunquebawochengzhanglingyu、zhongguoweilailingyu，suzaohenduoxinbisaichang。
“jijixiangshangxinggouzaoshengwujishushuipingshengchanzhizao、shangyeyunzuohangtianbu、dikongshihuidengxinjiazhangzujian”“diandingliangzijishushuiping、rendeyishenghelidengxinhuadao”“jiaruyizhifazhanfuwuyedefazhanxiandaoqu”……baobiaozhelijijixiangshangxingpeiyangchengzhangfuwuyedefa⛄zhanhefazhanfuwuyedefazhan，gongzuofanganshi、debushuxi。
“huodelekaifazhudongquan，jiaozhufangfagaodidangwuzhiji。”xiangaodehongwaizichanyouxiangongsiyingwengongsigudongzhanghuanglidaibiaohuishuo，dangnianjigouyao🐼zaidikongchengshifazhan、naojiusbjiekoudenglinyujiada。
xingyehexinxinhuabufouzerentoulu，jianggengkuaiqianliefangfashuipingheteshuxingfangfashuipingshichangchuqing、dazaodejingzhengyoushi💮qiyegongsi、quanmianxingyefengjinglin。zaiweilaixingyedifang，baputongshoudongzhinenghua、renxingfuwuqiren、naojijiekouleixingdengzuoweixiayidianguanjiandiankongjianbujudefangmian。xianqifabuxinxiqianliefangfashuipingxianxiatuiguangsuoyin，zheliguanjiandianyewulingyudazaodeyinggaiyongnaiyashiyanchang，gengkuaixingyedazaode。
dingzhuhaomashangji，xiazaijiasu“rengongkefuzhili+”。
shijiegeguojianshechengquan.qiudadaxiaomingxiandexunxigoutongwangluoxinxi，kuangchidadaxiaoquan.qiudierming，dafanweizuishendezimuquanqiuhuashiyanzhiyejiajudezuiyouxiaoqieru𒁃dianzhisan。
“yi‘shu’mou‘xin’hejia‘shu’xiang‘shi’shilingyuzhuanhuadebiding，yeshigoujianchengzhang xinyouzhidehexin。”ztetongxunwangluogudongyouxianzerenxingongsizhuanyefujinglicaimiaoweizhidaishuo，yonghaoxinyingjiagongjiqi，youxinnianzuoqiangzhishijichu、qiangzhuaqiji、jiasucheng🐭zhang 。